How To Update Python Library On Mac
  1. How To Update Python Library On Mac Download
  2. Update Python Mac Terminal
  3. How To Install Python Packages On Mac
  4. How To Update Python Mac

Source code:Lib/hashlib.py

Learn how to upgrade Python 3.6 to Python 3.7 on Mac OS. This post has been updated on How to Update Python 3.6 to Python 3.8 on Mac OS. This post will be removed end of this month. Python Official Site. 1) Open up Python official download site. It looks something like the image below. Press Download Python 3.7.4 or the version you would like. Python 3.6.8 is planned to be the last bugfix release for 3.6.x. Following the release of 3.6.8, we plan to provide security fixes for Python 3.6 as needed through 2021, five years following its initial release. Among the new major new features in Python 3.6 were: PEP 468, Preserving Keyword Argument Order. For most Unix systems, you must download and compile the source code. The same source code archive can also be used to build the Windows and Mac versions, and is the starting point for ports to all other platforms. Download the latest Python 3 and Python 2 source. Pip 19.0.3 from / Library / Python / 2.7 / site-packages / pip-19.0.3-py2.7.egg / pip. 'The basic premise of all Python development is to never use the system Python. You do not want the Mac OS X 'default Python' to be 'python3.' You want to never care about default Python.' Now we know for certain that we're using Python 3.7.3 and pip.

This module implements a common interface to many different secure hash andmessage digest algorithms. Included are the FIPS secure hash algorithms SHA1,SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, and SHA512 (defined in FIPS 180-2) as well as RSA’s MD5algorithm (defined in Internet RFC 1321). The terms secure hash and messagedigest are interchangeable. Older algorithms were called message digests. Themodern term is secure hash.

Note

If you want the adler32 or crc32 hash functions, they are available inthe zlib module.

Warning

Some algorithms have known hash collision weaknesses, refer to the “Seealso” section at the end.

There is one constructor method named for each type of hash. All returna hash object with the same simple interface. For example: use sha1() tocreate a SHA1 hash object. You can now feed this object with arbitrary stringsusing the update() method. At any point you can ask it for thedigest of the concatenation of the strings fed to it so far using thedigest() or hexdigest() methods.

Constructors for hash algorithms that are always present in this module aremd5(), sha1(), sha224(), sha256(), sha384(), andsha512(). Additional algorithms may also be available depending upon theOpenSSL library that Python uses on your platform.

For example, to obtain the digest of the string 'Nobodyinspectsthespammishrepetition':

More condensed:

A generic new() constructor that takes the string name of the desiredalgorithm as its first parameter also exists to allow access to the above listedhashes as well as any other algorithms that your OpenSSL library may offer. Thenamed constructors are much faster than new() and should be preferred.

Using new() with an algorithm provided by OpenSSL:

This module provides the following constant attribute:

hashlib.algorithms

A tuple providing the names of the hash algorithms guaranteed to besupported by this module.

New in version 2.7.

hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed

A set containing the names of the hash algorithms guaranteed to be supportedby this module on all platforms.

hashlib.algorithms_available

A set containing the names of the hash algorithms that are available in therunning Python interpreter. These names will be recognized when passed tonew(). algorithms_guaranteed will always be a subset. Thesame algorithm may appear multiple times in this set under different names(thanks to OpenSSL).

New in version 2.7.9.

The following values are provided as constant attributes of the hash objectsreturned by the constructors:

hash.digest_size

The size of the resulting hash in bytes.

hash.block_size

The internal block size of the hash algorithm in bytes.

A hash object has the following methods:

hash.update(arg)

Update the hash object with the string arg. Repeated calls are equivalent toa single call with the concatenation of all the arguments: m.update(a);m.update(b) is equivalent to m.update(a+b).

Changed in version 2.7: The Python GIL is released to allow other threads to run whilehash updates on data larger than 2048 bytes is taking place whenusing hash algorithms supplied by OpenSSL.

hash.digest()

Return the digest of the strings passed to the update() method so far.This is a string of digest_size bytes which may contain non-ASCIIcharacters, including null bytes.

hash.hexdigest()

Like digest() except the digest is returned as a string of double length,containing only hexadecimal digits. This may be used to exchange the valuesafely in email or other non-binary environments.

hash.copy()

Return a copy (“clone”) of the hash object. This can be used to efficientlycompute the digests of strings that share a common initial substring.

14.1.1. Key derivation¶

Key derivation and key stretching algorithms are designed for secure passwordhashing. Naive algorithms such as sha1(password) are not resistant againstbrute-force attacks. A good password hashing function must be tunable, slow, andinclude a salt.

How To Update Python Library On Mac Download

hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac(name, password, salt, rounds, dklen=None)

The function provides PKCS#5 password-based key derivation function 2. Ituses HMAC as pseudorandom function.

The string name is the desired name of the hash digest algorithm forHMAC, e.g. ‘sha1’ or ‘sha256’. password and salt are interpreted asbuffers of bytes. Applications and libraries should limit password toa sensible value (e.g. 1024). salt should be about 16 or more bytes froma proper source, e.g. os.urandom().

The number of rounds should be chosen based on the hash algorithm andcomputing power. As of 2013, at least 100,000 rounds of SHA-256 is suggested.

dklen is the length of the derived key. If dklen is None then thedigest size of the hash algorithm name is used, e.g. 64 for SHA-512.

New in version 2.7.8.

Note

A fast implementation of pbkdf2_hmac is available with OpenSSL. ThePython implementation uses an inline version of hmac. It is aboutthree times slower and doesn’t release the GIL.

See also

Module hmac

A module to generate message authentication codes using hashes.

Module base64

Another way to encode binary hashes for non-binary environments.

How to update python mac
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-2/fips180-2.pdf

The FIPS 180-2 publication on Secure Hash Algorithms.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function#Cryptographic_hash_algorithms

Wikipedia article with information on which algorithms have known issues andwhat that means regarding their use.

Important

If you are using a Python from any current python.orgPython installer for macOS (3.8.0+, 3.7.2+, 3.6.8, or 2.7.16+),no further action is needed to use IDLE or tkinter.A built-in version of Tcl/Tk 8.6 will be used.

If you are using macOS 10.6 or later, the Apple-suppliedTcl/Tk 8.5 has serious bugs that can cause application crashes.If you wish to use IDLE or Tkinter, do not use the Apple-suppliedPythons. Instead, install and use a newer version of Pythonfrom python.org or a third-party distributor that supplies orlinks with a newer version of Tcl/Tk.

Python's integrated development environment,IDLE, and thetkinter GUI toolkitit uses, depend on the Tk GUI toolkit which isnot part of Python itself. For best results, it is important that theproper release of Tcl/Tk is installed on your machine.For recent Python installers for macOS downloadable from this website,here is a summary of current recommendations followed by more detailedinformation.

PythonReleaseInstallerVariantmacOSReleaseRecommendedTcl/TkAlternateTcl/TkNotRecommended
3.8.2,3.7.7,2.7.17all10.6 to10.15built-in8.6.8

There are currently three major variants of Tk in common use on macOS:

Aqua Cocoa Tk
A newer native implementation availableas a universal 64-bit and 32-bit binary. This variant is the standard nativemacOS variant in Tk 8.6 and as of Tk 8.5.13. Aqua Cocoa support wasbackported to Tk 8.5 (prior to 8.5.13) and released by Apple starting with macOS 10.6and by ActiveState starting with their 8.5.9.1 release.
Aqua Carbon Tk
Because it is implemented with older macOS Carbon interfaces, it isonly available as a 32-bit binary (usually for Intel and PowerPCprocessors). Aqua Carbon Tk 8.4 is included with macOS releases 10.4through 10.14 and is also available from ActiveState. Aqua Carbon variantsof Tk 8.5 had been available as an ActiveState Community Download priorto ActiveTcl 8.5.9. As of 8.5.13, the Tk project no longer supportsCarbon builds of Tk 8.5. 32-bit-only Python installers downloadablefrom this website for older Python releases were linked with Aqua CarbonTk 8.4.
X11 Tk
The traditional platform-independent UNIX Tk implementation whichrequires an X11 server, such as the Apple X11.app available as anoptional component in older macOS releases or from third-partydistributors. 64-bit and32-bit binaries can be built. While the Python installers downloadablefrom this website do not support X11 Tk, other distributors ofPython for macOS may do so.

built-in 8.6.8

As of Python 3.7.0, 3.6.8, and 2.7.16, all current Python installers for macOSdownloadable from python.org supplytheir own private copies of Tcl/Tk 8.6.8. They do not look for or use anythird-party or system copies of Tcl/Tk. This is an Aqua Cocoa Tk.

ActiveTcl 8.5.18.0

ActiveState provides binary distributions of Tcl/Tk which are upward compatiblewith and generally more up-to-date than those provided by Apple in macOSreleases. This version of Tcl/Tk includes fixes for some critical problemsthat you may encounter using tkinter or IDLE (see Apple 8.5.9 below).You can download an installer for this release fromthe ActiveState web site.Note that ActiveState Community Edition binaries are not open source andare covered by an ActiveState license. You should read the licensebefore downloading to verify that your usage complies with its terms of use.As of Python 3.7.0, 3.6.8, and 2.7.16, no current Python installers for macOSdownloadable from python.org make use of this or any other external versionof Tcl/Tk.

Here is how to locate a specific file or media folder of iTunes.Step 1: Choose the item and click on EditGet Info from the top menu.Step 2: Choose the File tab.Step 3: Here you will see the location of this item with its complete address. Vidi to go library location mac. This item may stored in your computer or a cloud server.

This is an Aqua Cocoa Tk.

Apple 8.5.9

This release is included in macOS 10.7 through at least macOS 10.14.As of this writing,there are at least two known issues with Tk 8.5.9 thatare present in Apple 8.5.9 Tk but fixed in more recent upstream 8.5 releases.The more serious problem is an immediate crash in Tkwhen entering a composition character, like Option-u on a US keyboard.(This problem is documented asTk bug 2907388.)There is also the more general problem of input manager support for compositecharacters(Tk bug 3205153)which has also been fixed in more recent Tcl/Tk 8.5 releases.You can avoid these problems by using a current python.org installeror by using a third-partydistribution of Python that does not use Apple 8.5.9 Tk.This is an Aqua Cocoa Tk.

Apple 8.5.7

This release is included in macOS 10.6. IDLE is known to hang or crashwhen used with the Apple 8.5.7 included in all versions of macOS 10.6.x.Because of this,we strongly recommend that you do not attempt to use Tkinter or IDLE withthe Apple-supplied Python 2.6.1 in 10.6. Instead, install a newer version ofPython that supports a newer version of Tk.This is an Aqua Cocoa Tk.

Note

While Tcl and Tk areseparate frameworks and libraries, they are closely related and arenormally installed or updated simultaneously. You should notattempt to mix-and-match Tcl and Tk versions. References toa specific version of Tk assume the corresponding version ofTcl is installed as well.

The Python for macOS installers downloaded from this website dynamicallylink at runtime to Tcl/Tk macOS frameworks. The Tcl/Tk major version isdetermined when the installer is created and cannot be overridden.All current python.org installers for Python 3.7.x, 3.6.x,and 2.7.x link to their own built-in Tcl/Tk 8.6 frameworks and do not useexternal Tcl/Tk frameworks so the rest of this section only applies tonon-current releases and, as such, no longer supported.

Update Python Mac Terminal

The Python 64-bit/32-bit macOS installers for Python 3.6.x andand 2.7.x dynamically link to Tcl/Tk 8.5 frameworks.The dynamically linking occurs when tkinter (Python 3)or Tkinter (Python 2) is first imported (specifically, the internal_tkinter C extension module). By default, the macOS dynamic linkerlooks first in /Library/Frameworks for Tcl and Tk frameworks withthe proper major version. This is the standard location for third-partyor built from source frameworks, including the ActiveTcl releases.If frameworks of the proper major version are not found there,the dynamic linker looks for the same version in/System/Library/Frameworks, the location for Apple-suppliedframeworks shipped with macOS. (Note, you should normally not modifyor delete files in /System/Library.)

How To Install Python Packages On Mac

As is common on macOS, the installed Pythons and the Tcl and Tkframeworks are built to run on multiple CPU architectures (universalbinaries) and across multiple macOS levels (minimum deploymenttarget). For Python to be able to dynamically link with a particularTcl and Tk version, the available architectures in the Tcl/Tk frameworksmust include the architecture that Python is running in and theirminimum deployment target should be no greater than that of Python.

How To Update Python Mac

  • 2020-03-10 - updated for 3.8.2 and 3.7.7
  • 2019-12-19 - updated for 3.8.1, 3.7.6, and 2.7.17
  • 2019-10-15 - updated for 3.8.0, 3.7.5, and macOS 10.15
  • 2019-07-08 - updated for 3.7.4; 3.6.x is now security-fix-only
  • 2019-03-25 - updated for 3.7.3
  • 2019-03-03 - updated for 2.7.16
  • 2018-12-24 - updated for 3.7.2 and 3.6.8
  • 2018-10-20 - updated for 3.7.1, 3.6.7, and macOS 10.14
  • 2018-06-27 - updated for 3.7.0 and 3.6.6
  • 2018-05-30 - updated for 3.7.0b5
  • 2018-05-02 - updated for 3.7.0b4 and 2.7.15; removed 32-bit-only refs
  • 2018-03-29 - updated for 3.7.0b3 and 3.6.5
  • 2018-02-28 - updated for 3.7.0b2
  • 2018-01-31 - updated for 3.7.0b1 and 3.6.4
  • 2017-10-03 - updated for 3.6.3 and macOS 10.13
  • 2017-09-16 - updated for 2.7.14; removed 3.5.x
  • 2017-07-17 - updated for 3.6.2
  • 2017-03-21 - updated for 3.6.1 and (belatedly) 3.5.3
  • 2016-12-23 - updated for 3.6.0
  • 2016-12-17 - updated for 2.7.13
  • 2016-09-23 - updated for macOS 10.12
  • 2016-07-31 - updated for 3.5.2 and 2.7.12; removed 3.4.x
  • 2015-12-20 - updated for 3.4.4
  • 2015-12-06 - updated for 3.5.1, 2.7.11, and macOS 10.11
  • 2015-09-13 - updated for 3.5.0
  • 2015-05-23 - updated for 2.7.10 and ActiveTcl 8.5.18.0
  • 2015-02-23 - updated for 3.4.3
  • 2014-12-10 - updated for 2.7.9 and ActiveTcl 8.5.17.0
  • 2014-10-16 - updated for macOS 10.10
  • 2014-10-06 - updated for 3.4.2 and ActiveTcl 8.5.16.0
  • 2014-09-22 - updated for 3.4.2rc1
  • 2014-07-01 - updated for 2.7.8
  • 2014-06-01 - updated for 2.7.7; removed 2.7.6 and 3.3.5
  • 2014-05-18 - updated for 3.4.1 and 2.7.7rc1
  • 2014-03-16 - updated for 3.4.0 and 3.3.5
  • 2014-02-10 - updated for 3.3.4 and 3.4.0rc1
  • 2014-01-05 - updated for 3.4.0b2
  • 2013-11-24 - clarify that the ActiveState website still refers to 8.5.15.0
  • 2013-11-24 - removed built-in for 3.4.0b1, removed 3.3.2 and 2.7.5
  • 2013-11-10 - ActiveTcl 8.5.15.1; removed built-in for 3.3.3rc2 and 2.7.6.
  • 2013-10-27 - updated for 3.3.3rc1 and 2.7.6rc1 and their built-in 8.5.15.
  • 2013-10-24 - updated for macOS 10.9 and ActiveTcl 8.5.15, removed 3.2.5.
  • 2013-10-20 - updated for 3.4.0a4 and its built-in 8.5.15.
  • 2013-09-29 - updated for 3.4.0a3
  • 2013-09-09 - updated for 3.4.0a2 and its built-in 8.5.14.
  • 2013-08-03 - updated for 3.4.0a1 and ActiveTcl 8.4.20
  • 2013-05-18 - updated for ActiveTcl 8.5.14
  • 2013-05-15 - updated for 3.3.2, 2.7.5, and 3.2.5
  • 2013-04-06 - updated for 3.3.1, 2.7.4, and 3.2.4
  • 2012-12-26 - updated for ActiveTcl 8.5.13 and Issue 15853 patch installer
  • 2012-09-29 - updated for 3.3.0 final and reverted to ActiveTcl 8.5.11.1
  • 2012-08-02 - updated for ActiveTcl 8.5.12
  • 2012-07-28 - updated for macOS 10.8
  • 2012-04-11 - updated for 3.2.3 final and 2.7.3 final
  • 2012-03-18 - updated for 3.2.3rc2 and 2.7.3rc2
  • 2012-03-04 - updated for ActiveTcl 8.5.11.1, 3.2.3rc1, 2.7.3rc1, removed 3.1.4
  • 2011-11-12 - updated for ActiveTcl 8.5.11
  • 2011-09-04 - updated for 3.2.2 final
  • 2011-07-21 - updated for macOS 10.7 and ActiveTcl 8.5.10.1
  • 2011-07-09 - updated for 3.2.1 final and ActiveTcl 8.5.10
  • 2011-06-12 - updated for 2.7.2 final and 3.1.4 final
  • 2011-05-30 - updated for 3.2.1rc, 2.7.2rc, and 3.1.4rc
  • 2011-03-08 - add warnings and include details on how Python links with Tcl/Tk releases
  • 2011-02-20 - updated for 3.2 final
  • 2011-01-31 draft 1 - preliminary info for 3.2rc2
  • 2011-01-14 draft 0
⇐ ⇐ Library Frameworks Delete Mac
⇒ ⇒ Moving Mac Library Folder